![]() There was a weak correlation between age and cf-PWV ( P =. Our subjects included COPD patients who smoked more heavily than our control group, but cf-PWV did not correlate with smoking history. 8 Age, smoking history, body mass index, pulmonary function test results, and arterial blood gas values may affect cf-PWV. ![]() Indeed, arterial stiffness as a result of vascular disease is a good predictor of cardiovascular events, and can be assessed noninvasively by measuring cf-PWV. 27 Our study reveals that arterial stiffness increases with COPD severity, which could explain why the risk of myocardial infarction is higher for COPD patients. 25 Patients with severe air-flow limitations have a significantly higher risk of death from coronary artery disease, and this higher risk is independent of smoking behavior, age, and sex 26 In the Lung Health Trial, approximately 6,000 patients were followed for 14 years, and FEV 1 was found to be an independent predictor of the probability of mortality from myocardial infarction. It is well documented that patients with severe and very severe forms of COPD have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. 5 Similarly, Terai et al 23 found that aortic PWV predicted myocardial infarction or stroke in a cohort of 676 subjects with essential hypertension, during a mean follow-up of 57 months.ĬOPD and coronary artery disease are both highly prevalent worldwide, and they share common risk factors, including cigarette smoking, advanced age, and sedentary lifestyle. 24 In the offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, aortic PWV was independently associated with cardiovascular events. 3, 5, 23, 24 A recent meta-analysis that included individuals at high and low risk of cardiovascular events showed that elevated aortic PWV was associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Measure of arterial stiffness has been used to predict adverse cardiovascular events in different populations. 15 The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of air-flow limitation and hypoxemia to cf-PWV in subjects with COPD interestingly, an increased cf-PWV was indeed observed in COPD subjects, and a decline in pulmonary function test results and P aO 2 was associated with higher cf-PWV. 22 cf-PWV is a surrogate marker for vascular stiffness. 21, 22 In a cohort consisting primarily of treated hypertensive subjects, aortic PWV was associated with target organ damage in coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arterial beds. 8, 18– 20 Therefore, European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention consider cf-PWV a test of target organ damage in hypertensive patients. 16, 17 cf-PWV is an independent predictor of mortality and stroke in the general population and in patients with end-stage renal disease, hypertension, and diabetes. 10 The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between arterial stiffness and air-flow limitation in patients with COPD.Īrterial stiffness is mainly associated with aging and hypertension, and it indicates structural and functional changes within the arterial wall. 9 Due to this increased systemic inflammation and impaired endothelial nitric oxide production, COPD patients also frequently exhibit endothelial dysfunction. 8Īs a response to the systemic inflammation associated with COPD, arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk may also increase in this disease. 1 Arterial stiffness is a well known predictor of cardiovascular risk and can be assessed via radial artery tonometry, aortic PWV, or cf-PWV. 5– 7 Previous studies have documented the importance of arterial stiffness as a prognostic factor and an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. 3Ĭarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is the gold standard measurement for arterial stiffness. An increased prevalence of ischemic heart disease and hypertension is seen in COPD patients, and these conditions are linked to poor prognoses. ![]() 1, 4 Additionally, air-flow obstruction profoundly affects cardiac function and gas exchange, leading to systemic consequences. 1– 3 COPD is associated with systemic inflammation, which can initiate comorbidities. Patients with COPD face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, as compared to the normal population moreover, cardiac disease is among the leading causes of death in COPD patients.
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